Animal Traditions: Behavioural Inheritance in Evolution
By addebook • Jun 24th, 2008 • Category: Biology •
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Animal Traditions: Behavioural Inheritance in Evolution
Animal Traditions: Behavioural Inheritance in Evolution
By Eytan Avital, Eva Jablonka
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Number Of Pages: 446
Publication Date: 2000-12-11
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0521662737
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780521662734
Binding: Hardcover
Book Description:
Despite its almost universal acclaim, the authors contend that evolutionary explanations must take into account the well-established fact that in mammals and birds, the transfer of learned information is both ubiquitous and indispensable. Animal Traditions maintains the assumption that selection of genes supplies both a sufficient explanation of evolution and a true description of its course. The introduction of the behavioral inheritance system into the Darwinian explanatory scheme enables the authors to offer new interpretations for common behaviors such as maternal behaviors, behavioral conflicts within families, adoption, and helping. This approach offers a richer view of heredity and evolution, integrates developmental and evolutionary processes, suggests new lines for research, and provides a constructive alternative to both the selfish gene and meme views of the world. This book will make stimulating reading for all those interested in evolutionary biology, sociobiology, behavioral ecology, and psychology.
Animal Traditions maintains that the assumption that the selection of genes supplies both a sufficient explanation of the evolution and a true description of its course is, despite its almost universal acclaim, wrong. Eytan Avital and Eva Jablonka contend that evolutionary explanations must take into account the well-established fact that in mammals and birds, the transfer of learnt information is both ubiquitous and indispensable. The introduction of the behavioural inheritance system into the Darwinian explanatory scheme enables the authors to offer new interpretations for common behaviours such as maternal behaviours, behavioural conflicts within families, adoption and helping. This approach offers a richer view of heredity and evolution, integrates developmental and evolutionary processes, suggests new lines for research, and provides a constructive alternative to both the selfish gene and meme views of the world. It will make stimulating reading for all those interested in evolutionary biology, sociobiology, behavioural ecology and psychology.
Summary: Great book on evolution of animal cultures
Rating: 5
Ever since the “modern synthesis” other mechanisms in which information can be inherited beyond the gene have been overlooked, or simply under researched. This book is not an outright attack on the importance of the genetics in evolution but an expanded view of the phenotype, inheritance, and how organism can influence there selective environment (see niche constuction). Here Avital and Jablonka present a stimulating look at how behavioral inheritance could drastically change the way we view evolution. Sure to ruffle a few feathers, the authors defend such ideas as group selection and inheritance of “acquired characteristics”, yet offer mechanisms for both phenomenon’s that are more logical (involving conformist transmission, Baldwin effect and genetic assimilation) then those proposed before (such as Wynne-Edwards model for group selction). A truly groundbreaking book that changed my view of what evolution is, but also how evolution through natural selection can operate. This book will hopefully encourage others to look at animal traditions/cultures more seriously (scientifically and ethically) and lead to exciting new emprical research.
Summary: Some Excellent Stuff Here
Rating: 3
The message of this book is that in species with significant behavioral plasticity and ability to learn, there is a coevolution of learned behavior and structure of social interaction on the one hand, and genetic development on the other. The authors justify this message empirically and theoretically, while lamenting the tendency of most animal behaviorists to downplay the importance of learning and the causal feedback from social macrostructure to genetic microstructure.
Chapters 8 and 9 constitute the heart of this book, and Chapter 10 (the final chapter) provides an intelligent and thoughtful commentary on the implications of the book for research and even political philosophy. If I taught a course on animal behavior, I would start with a standard account (e.g., Alcock), but spend a fair amount of time at the end of the course on Chapters 8-10 of this book. The discription of the Baldwin effect, Waddington’s empirical research, and the niche construction ideas of Odling-Smee and coauthors is particularly clear, important, and difficult to find elsewhere.
I am much less happy with the first 7 chapters of the book. Indeed, I am not sure who the intended audience is. There are many critiques of standard theories (e.g., inclusive fitness, gene-centered evolution, group selection, evolutionary psychology), but the theories they critique are not systematically presented, and what explanation they give generally appears in footnotes. This indicated the material is not for beginners, but for experts. However, the arguments against these “enemies” will appear sloppy and ill-considered to experts in the field—in sharp contrast to the presentation in the final three chapters.
Some of the critiques of standard theories are completely ignorant and off the mark, such as the critique of parental care theory on p. 166. If an undergraduate student had written that drivel, I would have sent the student back to the drawing board.
So careless are the remarks in these chapters that at times I was convinced they were parodying New Age mindlessness. For instance, the criticize Karl Marx for being a sexist when he wrote “from each according to his ability,” showing that he didn’t care about women!!! If these foolish authors ever read the work of Marx, they would find Marx, like his contemporary J. S. Mill, to be in the forefront of sexual equality.
In general, the first seven chapters treat theory sloppily, treat evidency sloppily, and treat the relationship between the two sloppily. They often do not present alternative interpretations of their data, they treat other theories as straw men, they demand absolute proof of other theories, but accept offhand observation as “proof” of their own, and they routinely fail to qualify their statements. I would not want students to think this is the way scientists think. It is not.
Moreover, the authors have a strong political axe to grind. They hate “sociobiology” and “evolutionary psychology” as applied to humans. In particular, they believe that all differences among “normal” human individuals is environmentally determined (p. 48). This is my own area of expertise, and I can assure them that their position has virtually no evidence in its favor and a ton of evidence against it (they do not even mention the evidence, for or against, in this case).
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